![]() ![]() Appeal to hypocrisy - Suggesting deception or insincerity of the messenger as a way to neutralize or distract from the issue.Red herring - Using a parallel or seemingly relevant argument to distract from the original point being discussed.Hasty generalization - Jumping to conclusions without reviewing all available evidence.Circular argument - Using the preliminary assumption as the basis for arriving at the same conclusion.Slippery slope - Arguing against a fact by suggesting unlikely, extreme outcomes. ![]() False dichotomy - Making a position appear to have only one of two possible options when the options are not mutually exclusive or when more than two options exist.Using the notion that something has never been proven definitively is a common example of this type of fallacy. Appeal to ignorance - Taking advantage of what is not known.For example, oversimplification of a complex subject or statement to make it appear false. Straw man attacks - Attacking a position or fact that was not actually put forth.Ad hominem attacks - Criticizing the messenger in the absence of a counter-argument related to the fact being discussed.The article, which includes some short video examples, describes 15 types of fallacies: Different types of logical fallacies have been described in an article by David Ferrer, published on The Best Schools website. Without further conversation and as more parents become convinced by the counter-arguments, these “alternative facts” become widely held “truths.” Often the counter-arguments are based on fallacies, or errors of logic or reasoning. Parents may respond using their own “facts” leaving you frustrated and unprepared to dive further into the conversation. In this period of “alternate facts,” a 24-hour news cycle, and an internet that can provide whatever answer a person seeks, it can be difficult to convince parents and patients using facts alone. “Facts are stubborn things and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictates of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence.” - John Adams ![]()
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